Understanding Eczema: Causes, Types, Symptoms & Relief

Eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis and related forms) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition in which the skin becomes dry, itchy, red, and inflamed. The underlying mechanism involves both the epidermis (the outer skin layer) and the dermis (the innermost layer that provides structure). An abnormal, overactive immune response is believed to drive the condition.

Research shows that in developed countries, about 10% to 30% of children and 2% to 10% of adults are affected. In the U.S., around 31.6 million people (roughly 10% of the population) have some form of eczema. 

Because of this prevalence and the impact on quality of life, understanding eczema’s triggers, types, and treatments is vital.

Why Eczema Happens

• Genetic factors – People with a family history of allergies (hay fever, asthma) or eczema are at higher risk.

• Skin barrier dysfunction – When the dermis/epidermis cannot effectively retain moisture or protect from irritants, the skin becomes prone to inflammation.

• Immune dysregulation – Eczema is increasingly recognised as immunologic rather than just “dry skin”. 

• Environmental influences – Dry air, cold weather, pollutants, stress and irritants contribute to flare-ups.

• Comorbidities – Eczema often co-occurs with other atopic conditions such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. 

Types of Eczema

Here are common forms you should know:

Atopic Dermatitis

Also called atopic eczema. This is the most prevalent type. It often appears in childhood, especially in those with allergic tendencies. Symptoms: dry, intensely itchy skin, sometimes weeping when scratched.

Contact Dermatitis

Triggered by direct skin contact with an allergen (e.g., nickel, latex) or irritant (detergent, harsh soap). Two sub-forms: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Skin appears red, itchy, and may sting or burn.

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Also known as seborrheic eczema. Often affects oily skin zones (scalp, face, chest) in infants, young adults, or older individuals. Look for dry, scaly patches.

Additional less-common types include nummular eczema, hand/foot eczema, dyshidrotic eczema, stasis dermatitis. A new study shows nearly 20% of U.S. adults with eczema report having more than one type simultaneously. 

What are the symptoms of eczema?

• Intense itch (often the first symptom), which can impair sleep and daily life

• Dryness, scaling, redness, and cracking

• Burning or stinging sensation

• Bleeding or oozing in severe cases, with risk of infection

• Common sites: face, hands, feet, elbows, knees — but can appear anywhere

The most common symptom of eczema is itchiness. This can be so severe that it leads to sleep problems and can interfere with daily activities. 

Other symptoms include dry skin, redness, cracking, and burning. In severe cases, the skin may bleed or become infected. These symptoms can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most often found on the face, hands, feet, knees, and elbows.

If you are unsure if you may have eczema, see your dermatologist for a proper diagnosis.

What Causes Eczema Flare-Ups?

Flare-ups are driven by triggers unique to the individual, but common ones include:

• Dry skin (use of harsh soaps, low humidity)

• Cold or flu infections which disrupt the immune balance

• Contact with irritants (detergents, chemicals, fragrances)

• Temperature changes or sweating

• Stress and emotional triggers

• Allergens: dust mites, pollen, pet dander, certain foods

Because the triggers vary widely, identifying your own triggers (often through elimination) is key to preventing flares.

Is Eczema Contagious?

No, eczema is not contagious. You cannot “catch” it from someone else by skin contact. It frequently runs in families and is associated with other atopic conditions (like asthma or hay fever).

How is eczema treated?

There is no definitive cure for eczema, but there are treatments that can help lessen the symptoms. The primary goal of treatment is to soothe and heal the skin, prevent flares and itching, and prevent infection.

People with mild eczema may only need to use moisturizers and mild soap substitutes. Those with moderate to severe eczema are often prescribed medication such as corticosteroids to help control their symptoms. Unfortunately, corticosteroids can not only take a long time to take effect, but they can also have long-term negative side effects.

Introducing Dermeleve®

For those seeking a steroid-free, safe alternative, Dermeleve® stands out.

• It is a steroid-free anti-itch cream, suitable for sensitive skin, intimate areas, thinning skin. 

• Offers fast-acting itch relief and longer-lasting comfort without the risks of long-term steroid use. 

• Ideal for moderate to severe eczema as part of a broader regimen or used alone.

How to Use Dermeleve®

Apply directly to unbroken skin on the affected areas. Because it is steroid-free, it may be used more liberally (following label and dermatologist guidance). Combine with moisturiser and trigger-avoidance for best results.

Preventing Flare-Ups: Lifestyle & Skin Care

Skin care basics

• Use lukewarm water, mild soap substitutes, and avoid excessive scrubbing

• Moisturise immediately after bathing, and regularly during the day

• Protect hands (gloves) when using cleaning chemicals or detergents

Trigger avoidance

• Identify personal triggers (irritants, allergens, temperature shifts)

• Avoid harsh detergents, fragranced products, and fabric softeners

Stress & sleep management

• Stress can worsen eczema; practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing help

• Aim for 7–8 hours of sleep to support skin healing and immune regulation

Diet & environment

• A nutrient-rich diet high in fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains supports skin health

• Ensure adequate humidity (especially in dry/cold climates)

• Avoid or minimise alloying factors like extreme heat/cold, pollution

Why Choose Dermeleve®?

• Steroid-free, making it attractive for long-term use and sensitive skin areas

• Specifically formulated to target itch and hydrate irritated skin

• Backed by user testimonials and brand positioning as “anti-itch cream” for chronic, moderate-to-severe skin-related itch conditions. 

• Works well within a holistic eczema-management plan: barrier repair + trigger control + relief.

Some common misconceptions about eczema

Eczema is contagious. This is false. Eczema is not contagious. You can’t “catch it” from someone else.

Eczema is caused by poor hygiene. This is also false. Eczema is not caused by poor hygiene. In fact, people with eczema often have very clean skin due to all the extra care they take to avoid triggering a flare-up.

Eczema is just dry skin. This is only partially true. Eczema can be caused by dry skin, but there are other factors involved as well. Eczema is actually a complex condition that has many different causes.

Eczema is just a “skin condition”. While it is true that eczema is primarily a skin condition, the effects of the condition can go beyond the skin. Eczema can have a direct effect on the quality of life and emotional well being of someone suffering from it. People with eczema often have trouble sleeping, feel anxious or depressed, and may even miss work or school due to their condition.

Eczema is curable. While there is no cure for eczema, it is possible to manage the condition and minimize its effects. With proper treatment and management of triggers, most people with eczema can live relatively normal lives.

Eczema only affects kids. This is false. While eczema is most common in children, it can affect people of all ages. In fact, 1 in 10 adults suffer from eczema.

Eczema will go away on its own eventually. This is also false. Eczema is a chronic condition that can last a lifetime. However, with proper treatment and management, the effects of eczema can be greatly minimized.

FAQ

Can Dermeleve® replace all eczema treatments?

While Dermeleve® is a strong option, it’s best used as part of an overall eczema management strategy (moisturiser, trigger avoidance, skin care). Always consult your dermatologist for moderate-severe cases.

How quickly does it work?

According to brand information, Dermeleve® provides fast relief from itch and has a longer duration of effect compared to traditional steroids. 

Is it safe for children?

The product label should be reviewed for age suitability. Because it is steroid-free, it may have fewer restrictions than corticosteroids—but FDA/medical guidance should be followed.

Can I stop moisturising if I’m using Dermeleve®?

No. Moisturising remains essential. Dermeleve® addresses itch and irritation, but barrier repair via emollients remains key.